Definition and History of Cathode Ray

A cathode ray is a beam of electrons  in a vacuum tube traveling from the negatively charged electrode (cathode) at one end to the positively charged electrode (anode) at the other, across a voltage difference between the electrodes. They are also called electron beams. How Cathode Rays Works The electrode at the negative end is called a cathode. The electrode at the positive end is called an anode. Since electrons are repelled by the negative charge, the cathode is seen as the source of the cathode ray in the vacuum chamber. Electrons are attracted to the anode and travel in straight lines across the space between the two electrodes. Cathode rays are invisible but their effect is to excite atoms in the glass opposite of the cathode, by the anode. They travel at high speed when voltage is applied to the electrodes and some bypass the anode to strike the glass. This causes atoms in the glass to be raised to a higher energy level, producing a fluorescent glow. This fluorescence can be enhanced by applying fluorescent chemicals to the back wall of the tube. An object placed in the tube will cast a shadow, showing that the electrons stream in a straight line, a ray. Cathode rays can be deflected by an electric field, which is evidence of it being composed of electron particles rather than photons. The rays of electrons can also pass through thin metal foil. However, cathode rays also exhibit wave-like characteristics in crystal lattice experiments. A wire between the anode and the cathode can return the electrons to the cathode, completing an electrical circuit. Cathode ray tubes were the basis for radio and television broadcasting. Television sets and computer monitors before the debut of plasma, LCD, and OLED screens were cathode ray tubes (CRTs). History of Cathode Rays With the 1650 invention of the vacuum pump, scientists were able to study the effects of different material in vacuums, and soon they were studying  electricity  in a vacuum. It was recorded as early as 1705 that in vacuums (or near vacuums) electrical discharges could travel a larger distance. Such phenomena became popular as novelties, and even reputable physicists such as Michael Faraday studied the effects of them. Johann Hittorf discovered cathode rays in 1869 using a Crookes tube and noting  shadows cast on the glowing wall of the tube opposite of the cathode. In 1897 J. J. Thomson discovered that the mass of the particles in cathode rays was 1800 times lighter than hydrogen, the lightest element. This was the first discovery of subatomic particles, which came to be called electrons. He received the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work. In the late 1800s, physicist Phillip von Lenard studied the cathode rays intently and his work with them earned him the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physics. The most popular commercial application of cathode ray technology is in the form of traditional television sets and computer monitors, although these are being supplanted by newer displays such as OLED.

The Road By Cormac Mccarthy Essay - 1812 Words

What are the reasons for living if one day all humans must face inevitable death? Thomas Ligotti argues in his book, Conspiracy Against the Human Race, that there are no meaningful explanations for living, it’s all hopeless. While on the contrary, Cormac McCarthy negates Ligotti’s beliefs in his writing, The Road, stating that life provides the hope of better opportunities ahead, which portrays why humans must keep pushing on. These two authors present a duality of whether life is worth living or not; however, there are intersections that appear within their views. While Ligotti and McCarthy juxtapose each other in their ideas, their writings do share some overlap, even when it comes to discussing everyday life. Ligotti writes, â€Å"Being alive: decades of waking up on time, then trudging through another round of moods, sensations, thoughts, cravings and finally flopping into bed to sweat in the pitch of dead sleep or simmer in the phantasmagorias that molest our drea ming minds† (Kindle Locations 3195-3198). With an everyday routine in life as monotonous as this, Ligotti questions whether living is worth struggle, or if it would simply be easier just to end these tedious agitations. McCarthy expands on this idea of Ligotti’s with his characters of the papa and the boy. They are true examples of people living out this depiction of life every day, and yet they choose to continue on because of their determination to survive. In McCarthy’s writing, he illustrates the father andShow MoreRelatedThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1531 Words   |  7 Pagesof punishment that anyone could be faced with. Cormac McCarthy shows the reaction isolation had on the characters in The Road. The Road, by Cormac McCarthy, follows an unnamed father and son as they travel towards the coast in search of safety after the world has been destroyed by a catastrophe. As they travel the road, the father has to protect his son from the threat of strangers, starv ation, exposure and harsh weather. In The Road, Cormac McCarthy shows how humans react to isolation by when theRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1009 Words   |  5 PagesL’Heureux II, John Lang and Lit Year 2 2/10/2017 Written Task 2 Title of the text for analysis: The Road by Cormac McCarthy,2006 Part of the course to which the task refers: Part 4- Literature, a critical study Prescribed question: How does the text conform to, or deviate from, the conventions of a particular genre, and for what purpose? My critical response will: ââ€"  Show how the text conforms to the post-apocalyptic genre. ââ€"  Show how resources, including basics such as food and water, are a scarcityRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1584 Words   |  7 Pagestime can be unbearable if one is stripped of the most basic necessities. Such an event can greatly affect the behaviour of a person, as well as the ability to distinguish right from wrong. But like the boy and his father in the novel The Road by Cormac McCarthy they stuck to their morals to overcome the hardships they face. The novels recurring themes such as companionship, survival, and good versus evil, prove that a persons moral standards could change in a time of need. Companionship plays anRead MoreThe Road by Cormac McCarthy1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe Road by Cormac McCarthy is set in an apocalyptic world filled with hopelessness, mental fatigue, and few instances of happiness. Throughout the story, the man and the boy are looking for hope in anything and everything. Unfortunately every turn they take they continue to fall further into despair until they find a Coca-Cola. This soda has a unique meaning to the boy and the man. The Coca-Cola in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road symbolizes the world’s regression and gives hope to the man and boy byRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy2405 Words   |  10 PagesNovember 26, 2016 The Road by Cormac McCarthy and its View of Parental Love and Hope in a Post-Apocalyptic World The boy s father tells him My job is to take care of you. I was appointed to do that by God. I will kill anyone who touches you. Do you understand? (McCarthy The Road) this sends such a powerful message about instinct, hope, and paternal love. These words so passionately from the lips of the father perfectly describes Cormac McCarthy s story of The Road and the power a father sRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy968 Words   |  4 Pagescompassion in the toughest of situations, and leads us toward paths of peace. In this essay, examples will be drawn from Zak Ibrahim s keynote presentation, The Road by Cormac McCarthy, Beautiful Boy; a film directed by Shawn Ku, and Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut. The loss of a loved one can help us find compassion. In The Road by Cormac McCarthy, the boy is the most compassionate person in the whole novel. At the end of the novel, when the boy s father dies, the boy is not thinking about hisselfRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1310 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å" The Road† written by Cormac McCarthy is a novel which uses a large variety of different language features to shape the reader s reaction and leading the readers into thinking the idea that our current world really is fallible.â€Å"The road† is about a strong loving relationship between the father and son. Which is shown on every page of the novel. They are fighting for survival in this apocalyptic world of humanity which is heading to an end. For anyone realising that our world is fallible is quiteRead MoreThe Road by Cormac McCarthy1281 Words   |  5 PagesTitle of the Work: The Road Author: Cormac McCarthy Date of Publication: September 26, 2006 (September 26, 2006) Genre: Novel Historical information about the Setting: The novel takes place in the Southeastern part of United States. The characters take a journey, passing Texas, the post-apocalyptic landscape. During this time the novel is taken place, the country was experiencing depression and poverty. When McCarthy was writing this book, he was thinking about the future environment ofRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy2062 Words   |  9 PagesReid Norberg Period 3 3/18/16 2016 AP Lodestar 1. Title: The Road Author: Cormac McCarthy Date of Publication: 2006 Genre: Post- apocalyptic fiction 2. The Road is a novel written by American author Cormac McCarthy. Although born in the North East, McCarthy was driven to the South West later in his life where he has since based most of his novels, including The Road. The Road tells a story of a man and his son in post apocalyptic America where the weather is winter-like and the ground isRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe Road by Cormac McCarthy a recurring theme in the story is gaining or losing hope. Throughout this story there are numerous instances and events that occur in which all seems lost at a dead end, but in those moment hope carries through and thrives. In this dystopian post apocalyptic world the man and boy are fighting to stay alive while keeping their humanity as well as searching for what humanity is left in this kill or be killed cannibalistic planet. As their time journeying down the road increases

My future profession free essay sample

This is my first essay in English and its topic is â€Å"My Future Profession†. Who I want to become? I haven’t found an exact answer to this question yet. There are a few versions. The fact that I’m studying in a building Institute does not mean that I want to be a building-construction manager. But it also doesn’t mean that I don’t want to be him. You can ask me: â€Å"In that case, why did you enter to this institute?†. I couldn’t choose and thought: â€Å"As my father is an architect, he will help me in the future in this field†. One of the professions I want to have is a computer programmer. As for me, I had decided to be a teacher, so last year I entered Irkutsk State Teacher Training University. Our University is situated in the centre of Irkutsk; it is rather small building, but very comfortable. We will write a custom essay sample on My future profession or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Students say that our building is the best and it is quite easy to find different classes. As for subjects – we have ten. They are: English practice, grammar and phonetics, Russian, Survival Science, Pedagogic science, Medicine, History, Physical Education and others. I find my subjects quite amazing because they help me to understand the way of teaching other people and to learn some more information, I have never known before. As I’ve told before – I chose to be a teacher of English as a second language because it will be a chance to fulfill my dream of helping people to learn the foreign language. I think I possess the qualities necessary for being a good teacher. I am hard-working, kind-hearted, and broadminded. I want to devote myself to teaching different people, especially children. It will be a very challenging work for me – I will need to use all my knowledge, skills and imagination to find the right approach for every single student and make the process of studying as creative and interesting, as possible. So, I think that I have made the right choice.My first computer and friends who work in this field deeply affected to my decision. So who is computer programmer or simply programmer? This is a quote from a dictionary: â€Å"A programmer is a person whose job involves writing programs for computers†. To be a good programmer I should learn maths, logics, informatics now at my institute. Now we are living at the beginning of the Information age and I think that programming is an interesting field and one of the professions of the Future.

Treatment of diabetes Essay Example For Students

Treatment of diabetes Essay Diabetes mellitus is caused by a deficiency in the secretion or action of insulin.Nearly six percent of the United States population shows some degree of abnormality in glucose metabolism indicative of diabetes or a tendency toward the condition. Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases in which the regulatory activity of insulin is defective. There are two major clinical classes of the disease. Theres type I, which is insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and type II, which is non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). IDDM begins early in life and quickly becomes severe. NIDDM is slow to develop, milder, and often goes unrecognized. IDDM requires insulin therapy and careful, lifelong control of the balance between glucose intake and insulin dose. Characteristic symptoms of diabetes are excessive thirst (polydipsia) and frequent urination (polyuria), leading to intake of large volumes of water. Also, excessive hunger and food consumption (polyphagia). These changes are d ue to excretion of large amounts of glucose in the urine. The term diabetes mellitus means excessive excretion of sweet urine.Suspected genes that cause IDDM are localized on many chromosomes, showing that type I diabetes is a multigene autoimmune response. Some investigators believe the immune system is confused. They think that the pancreatic beta cells could be recognized as an alien entity because of previous exposure to a foreign substance that had similar proteins to the beta cells. Its believed that T cells target and enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) present in the beta cells. GAD coverts the amino acid glutamate into aminobutyric acid (GABA), a messenger between neurons. GAD is located in the brain hidden from the immune system. Investigators are hinting that the immune system may not recognize it as a self-protein. GAD resembles the (p69) protein that beta cells show when they are infected by viruses. GAD plays an important, but it isnt the entire answer. A group of mi ce disposed to develop diabetes were injected with GAD before the autoimmune response on the pancreas began and all the mice injected with GAD escaped development of diabetes. We will write a custom essay on Treatment of diabetes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The affects of IDDM make the patients diseases more burdensome to control. They usually have vascular and neural problems. Vascular problems that affect IDDM patients are strokes, renal shutdown, gangrene, heart attacks, and blindness that could happen because of the high fat content in the blood and high blood cholesterol levels. Neurological problems that arise from IDDM are loss of sensation, impotence and damaged bladder functions. In women, their breasts are lumpy and experience early menopause. NIDDM occurs mostly after the age of forty. It’s a heterogeneous, progressive disorder characterized by pathogenic defects in insulin secretion and action. Around a quarter to one-third of Americans possess a gene that sways them too the disease. For example, if one identical twin has NIDDM, the chance of the other twin having the disease would be a one hundred percent. In NIDDM, the patients insulin receptors dont work anymore, but they are still able to produce insulin. Investig ators believe a membrane protein is responsible. They think its PC-1 because in NIDDM patients, its levels are higher compared to an average person. Now we may be wondering why NIDDM patients need to diet and exercise, well nearly ninety percent of them are obese. This happens because the adipose cells over produce a hormone like chemical tumor necrosis factor-alpha. What this does is suppress the synthesis of a protein glut4, which enables glucose to go through membranes. If glut4 is not present, the cells cant take up the glucose. In todays market, there are a lot of prescriptions that are available to counter act the deficiencys of IDDM and NIDDM patients. Such drugs are Actos, Starlix, Glucophage, and Avandia, which increase insulin reception for NIDDM, and Glipizide, Glyburide, Tolinase, and Tolbutmide, which increase insulin production for IDDM patients. For people who have IDDM, they have to inject themselves with insulin four times a day to reduce vascular and renal complications. NIDDM patients will also eventually have to inject themselves. .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 , .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 .postImageUrl , .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 , .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3:hover , .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3:visited , .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3:active { border:0!important; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3:active , .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3 .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12056c91e6f89f415266c190bced01a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Politics In The Gilded Age EssayA person can keep track of their glucose levels by using a glucose monitoring machine, which diabetics are not to fond of doing. Poking themselves with a lancet four times a day on their